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| 人的失误模型在船舶溢油事故应急中的应用分析 |
| 作者：ZHANGxin； 出处：中国航海. Vo1.31No.4 Dec.2008 |
| 关键词：waterwaytransportation;Shipoil—spill;accidentemergencyresponse;humanerror;HRA |
| 英文 |
| 文章摘要：Abstract:Emergencyresponseforshipoil—spillaccidentshouldberegardedasadynamiccomplexsystemconsisting ofhuman,machineandorganization.Recentlythereliabilityevaluationandoptimizationofmachineandorganization inemergencyresponseattachedmuchattention,butthehumanreliabilitywasignoredintheresearch.Thisigno— rancewillnegativelyaffectthereliabilityofthewholeemergencyresponsesystem.Shipoil—spillaccidentnotonly leadstoheavelossesofmoneyandhumanlives,hutalsoproducesseriousenvironmentalpollutions.Consequently moreandmoreinternationa1maritimeinstitutionshaveattachedhighlyimportancetoit. Inanattempttoimprovethereliabilityofemergencyresponseforshipoil—spillaccident,ahumanerroranalysis modelwasdevelopedconsideringfeaturesofshipoil—spillaccident.Themodelwasdevelopedonatheoreticalbasis withreferencetocognitivepsychologyandHRA.Itanalyzedthreetypesofhumanerrorsincludingcognitiveerror, decisiveerrorandacterrorandfourtypesfactorscausinghumanerrorincludingexternalenvironment,organization, operatorownfactorandhuman—machineinterface.Finallyanexampleofineffectiveoil—shipaccidentemergencyre— sponsehasbeenanalyzedwithCREAM(Cognitivereliabilityanderroranalysismethod),aclassicalsecondgenera— tionHRAmethods,inordertotestthefeasibilityandefficiencyofHRAmode1. |
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